At which point is the Invert Elevation (I.E.) calculated to?

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The Invert Elevation (I.E.) is calculated at the bottom inside of the pipe, as this measurement is vital for understanding the flow of water or sewage through a drainage or piping system. The invert elevation represents the lowest point of the internal cross-section of the pipe, which is critical for ensuring proper drainage and preventing issues like overflow or backflow.

Measuring from this point allows engineers and contractors to ascertain how the pipe will function within the existing topography and other infrastructures. This elevation helps determine the necessary slopes for gravity drainage systems and ensures that water flows effectively toward a discharge point.

Other reference points like the top edge or outside edge of the pipe do not provide accurate information for designing effective drainage systems, as they do not account for the actual flow area within the pipe. The middle of the pipe also lacks utility in terms of drainage calculations since it does not reflect the lowest level that affects fluid flow. Thus, the bottom inside of the pipe is the correct choice for calculating invert elevation.

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