What is the primary component used to create an asphalt pavement?

The primary component used to create asphalt pavement is bitumen. Bitumen is a viscous, black, sticky substance derived from the distillation of crude oil. It serves as the binding agent that holds the aggregates together in asphalt mixtures. When mixed with aggregates such as gravel, crushed stone, or sand, bitumen creates a durable and flexible pavement that is well-suited for various traffic conditions.

Gravel, cement, and sand may contribute to paving materials but are not the main binding agent in asphalt. Gravel is typically used as part of the aggregate mix, while cement is primarily associated with concrete rather than asphalt. Sand can be used in the mix as well; however, it is also not the key component needed to create asphalt pavement. The use of bitumen is what distinguishes asphalt from other types of paving materials and provides its unique properties.