What term is used for soil that is protruding up from the bottom of the excavation?

Heaving refers to the upward movement of soil that can occur during excavation, particularly when the soil is saturated with water or under certain loading conditions. When soil is disturbed during excavation, the pressure changes can cause it to move upward, resulting in visible protrusions at the bottom of the excavation. This phenomenon is important for contractors to understand, as it can impact the stability of the excavation site and the foundation that will be placed.

Boiling typically refers to a condition in saturated soils where excess pore water pressure causes soil grains to lose contact, leading to a liquefied state. Raveling refers to the process where soil particles break loose and move downwards or laterally, often associated with slope failures. Subsidence is the sinking or settling of the ground surface, typically due to the removal of underground materials or natural compaction, which is distinct from heaving. Understanding these terms is crucial for effective soil management and construction practices.